What’s HMPV? All you need to know about the latest fast-spreading virus

A new respiratory virus, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), is spreading rapidly across parts of Asia, raising concerns among health experts and the public. Known for causing cold-like symptoms that can escalate into severe respiratory issues, HMPV is being compared to COVID-19 due to its rapid transmission and potential to overwhelm healthcare systems. Here’s what you need to know to protect yourself and your loved ones.

What Is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus, or HMPV, is a contagious respiratory virus that primarily spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes, close contact with infected individuals, or touching contaminated surfaces.

Its recent rapid spread in parts of Asia has alarmed health authorities, raising concerns about its impact on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations.

Difference Between HMPV and COVID-19

HMPV and COVID-19 are both contagious respiratory viruses but originate from different families. HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, which also includes Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), while COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the Coronaviridae family. Although both spread through respiratory droplets and close contact, HMPV primarily circulates in late winter and spring, while COVID-19 has shown year-round activity. Unlike COVID-19, there is currently no vaccine or antiviral treatment available for HMPV, with management focusing on supportive care.

How HMPV Spreads

HMPV spreads via respiratory droplets released when infected individuals cough or sneeze, through close contact, or by touching contaminated surfaces. This mode of transmission is similar to other respiratory viruses, making hygiene practices crucial. Regular handwashing with soap for at least 20 seconds, disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, and wearing masks in crowded areas are effective preventive measures.

Symptoms of HMPV

HMPV symptoms typically begin mildly, resembling those of the common cold: cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. However, in vulnerable groups—such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems—the virus can escalate into severe conditions, including bronchitis and pneumonia. Severe cases may require hospitalisation, with some needing oxygen therapy or intensive care.

Who Is At Risk?

While HMPV can affect individuals of all ages, it poses the greatest risk to children under five, the elderly over 65 years, and those with underlying health conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Immunocompromised individuals are also more susceptible to severe complications. The virus’s rapid spread and potential to strain healthcare systems highlight the importance of preventive measures and vigilance.

Preventive Measures and Public Health Implications

With no vaccine available, personal hygiene and community-level interventions are key to controlling HMPV’s spread. Public health officials stress the importance of timely reporting and accurate information to mitigate its impact. As HMPV continues to spread across Asia, its potential to cause widespread illness serves as a reminder of the need for sustained efforts to strengthen healthcare preparedness and individual responsibility.

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