Internal bleeding: Causes, symptoms and first-aid tips

Internal bleeding occurs when there is bleeding inside the body, away from the surface.

It can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Here are some causes, symptoms, and general guidelines for first aid:

Causes of internal bleeding:

Trauma:

• Blunt force trauma (car accidents, falls, physical assault).
• Penetrating trauma (stab or gunshot wounds).

Medical conditions:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding (ulcers, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease).
• Organ rupture (spleen, liver, kidneys).
• Aneurysm rupture.
• Certain medications (anticoagulants, aspirin).

Medical procedures:

• Surgery complications.
• Diagnostic procedures (biopsies, endoscopies).

Symptoms of internal bleeding:

Pain:

• Severe, localized pain, or generalized discomfort.
• Pain may be aggravated by movement.

Swelling:

• Visible swelling or distension in the affected area.

Changes in skin color:

• Pallor (paleness).
• Cool, clammy skin.

Weakness and fatigue:

• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
• Rapid heart rate.

Blood in urine or stool:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding may result in bloody vomit, urine, or stool.

Confusion:

• Lack of mental clarity.
• Fainting or loss of consciousness.

First aid for internal bleeding:

Call for emergency medical help:

• Call for an ambulance or medical assistance, because moving victims can cause further complications.
• Provide your location and follow their instructions.

Stay calm and keep the person calm:

• Reduce stress, as an increased heart rate can worsen bleeding.

Monitor vital signs:

• Check for signs of shock (pale skin, rapid breathing, weak pulse).
• If the person loses consciousness, begin CPR if you are trained to do so.

Do not give food or drink:

• In case surgery is needed, the person may require an empty stomach.

Keep the person warm:

• Use a blanket to prevent hypothermia.

Elevate legs:

• If there are no suspected leg injuries, elevate the person's legs about 12 inches to improve blood flow to vital organs.

Reassure and comfort:

• Offer reassurance and keep the person calm.

What not to do:

Do not offer pain medication:

• Pain medication may mask symptoms and delay proper diagnosis.

Avoid giving fluids:

• In case surgery is necessary, an empty stomach is preferred.

These first-aid measures are temporary and do not replace professional medical care. Internal bleeding requires immediate attention from healthcare professionals. Always seek medical assistance promptly.

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